The Science of Depression

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Brain chemistry. Neurotransmitters are naturally occurring brain chemicals that likely play a role in depression. Recent research indicates that changes in the function and effect of these neurotransmitters and how they interact with neurocircuits involved in maintaining mood stability may play a significant role in depression and its treatment. Click here to find more information about neurocircuits



neurocircuits




There are several medications available that are thought to work by changing the levels of certain brain chemicals. These drugs alter levels of either dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin, or norepinephrine. Some work on a combination of two more of these chemicals.


Examples of these medications include:

  • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). SSRIs work by blocking the reabsorption of serotonin. Examples are fluoxetine (Prozac), paroxetine (Paxil), and citalopram (Celexa).
  • Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). This includes duloxetine (Cymbalta) and venlafaxine (Effexor XR). SNRIs work by blocking the reabsorption of both serotonin and norepinephrine, leading to increased levels of these two chemicals in the brain.
  • Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). Examples are imipramine (Tofranil) and nortriptyline (Pamelor). TCAs block the reabsorption of noradrenaline and serotonin.
  • Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs). NDRIs, such as bupropion (Wellbutrin), prevent your brain from reabsorbing the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine.
  • Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). MAOIs keep your brain from breaking down norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine. These medications, including isocarboxazid (Marplan) and phenelzine (Nardil), are not as popular as other types of antidepressants.

When it comes to mental health conditions, there are likely many factors at play. It’s difficult to tell whether a particular drug will ensure a cure.


For some people, depression and other mental health conditions are episodic, which means that the symptoms come and go. Medications might be able to help manage your symptoms, but the disorder may take a long time to go into remission. Symptoms can also come back later on.


While taking medications for a mental health condition, talk therapy techniques are also an important addition to your treatment plan. Psychotherapy helps to convert your thinking and behavioral patterns into healthier ones.


One example is called cognitive behavioral therapy. This type of therapy can help prevent your depression from returning once you’re feeling better.



Click here to read the articles about:

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and related subjects

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