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Clinical Depression

  A mental health disorder characterized by persistently depressed mood or loss of interest in activities, causing significant impairment in daily life. Possible causes include a combination of biological, psychological, and social sources of distress. Increasingly, research suggests these factors may cause changes in brain function, including altered activity of certain neural circuits in the brain. The persistent feeling of sadness or loss of interest that characterizes major depression can lead to a range of behavioral and physical symptoms . These may include changes in sleep, appetite, energy level, concentration, daily behavior, or self-esteem. Depression can also be associated with thoughts of suicide. The mainstay of treatment is usually medication, talk therapy, or a combination of the two. Increasingly, research suggests these treatments may normalize brain changes associated with depression. Symptoms T he persistent feeling of sadness or loss of interest that characteri...

The Science of Depression

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Brain chemistry.  Neurotransmitters are naturally occurring brain chemicals that likely play a role in depression. Recent research indicates that changes in the function and effect of these neurotransmitters and how they interact with neurocircuits involved in maintaining mood stability may play a significant role in depression and its treatment. Click here to find more information about  neurocircuits neurocircuits There are several medications available that are thought to work by changing the levels of certain brain chemicals. These drugs alter levels of either dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin, or norepinephrine. Some work on a combination of two more of these chemicals. Examples of these medications include: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).  SSRIs  work by blocking the reabsorption of serotonin. Examples are fluoxetine (Prozac), paroxetine (Paxil), and citalopram  (Celexa). Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). This inc...